Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *gʷes[e]-, *gʷsē-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to go out (fire)

Hittite: ? kist- 'erlöschen, vergehen' (Tischler 592 ff) (confusion with kast- / kist- 'hunger'?)

Tokharian: A, B käs- (PT *käs-) `erlöschen' (Adams 177)

Old Indian: jásate `to be exhausted or starved'

Old Greek: sbénnǖmi (zdẹ̄́namen = sbénnümen Hsch.), aor. sbé(s)sai̯, pass. sbesthē̂nai̯; med. sbénnumai̯, aor. sbē̂nai̯, pf. ésbēka, va. á-sbesto- `erlöschen, ermatten'; aor. ion. (Herodas) kata-sbō̂sai̯ `löschen' (< *sgʷohásai̯); zdoā̂s `sbéseis' (Hsch.), zdóason `sbéson' (Hsch.)

Slavic: *gāsī́tī, *gāsnǭtī, *gāsātī

Baltic: *gē̃s- (*ges-ja-) vb. tr., *ges- vb. intr., *ges-ī̂- vb., *ges-m-iā̃- f.

Russ. meaning: гаснуть

References: WP I 693 f

Proto-IE: *gʷet-

Meaning: to say

Armenian: kočhem `rufen, nennen, herbeirufen, einladen'

Germanic: *kwiɵ-a- vb., *kwaɵ-ō f., *kwiɵ-ja- m., *kwiɵ-jōn- f., *kwaɵ-ja- vb.; *kwēɵ-ia- n.

Russ. meaning: говорить

References: WP I 672

Proto-IE: *gʷet-er/n-

Meaning: stomach, crop, chest

Hittite: kuttar n. (r/n) 'Partie unter dem Hals und über der Brust beim Menschen, etwa Schulter oder Oberarm' (Tischler 678 f)

Tokharian: A kāts, B kātso (PT *kātsān-) 'belly, stomach, abdomen; womb' (Adams 156)

Germanic: *kwíɵ-u- c. / *kwid=́, *kutt-(i)ō- f. || *kud= (#235)

Latin: botulus, -ī m. `Darm, Eingeweide; Wurst' || guttur n., m. `Kehle; Kropf der Vögel und Menschen; Geschwulst am Halse'

Russ. meaning: зоб, кишки, живот (внутри)

References: WP I 555 f, 560, 671 + REFERNUM 587

Comments: Cf. *gut- 'crop, crest'

Proto-IE: *gʷetw-

Meaning: resin, sticky matter

Old Indian: jatu n. `lac, gum'

Germanic: *kwidw-a- n.; *kwēd-ōn- f.

Latin: bitūmen, -inis n. `Erdpech'; betulla f. `Birke' (< Celt?: bitumen ex ea Galli excoquunt Plin. 16, 75)

Celtic: MIr beithe ( < *betu̯iā) `buxus'; Cymr bedw-en `Birke', OCorn bedew-en `populus', NBret bezv-enn ( < *betu̯ā) `Birke'; Gal betuin EN

Russ. meaning: смола, клейкое вещество

References: WP I 672

Proto-IE: *gʷeud-

Meaning: woollen clothes

Old Greek: bêu̯dos n. 'woman's dress' Sapph., Call., Nicaenet.(?)ap.Parth.

Germanic: *kutt=

Russ. meaning: одежда (шерстяная)

References: WP I 671

Proto-IE: *gʷ[e]y-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: thread, fibre, bow-string

Old Indian: jyā́ f. `bow-string'

Avestan: ǰyā 'Bogensehne'

Old Greek: bió-s m. `Bogen; Bogensehne (?)'

Slavic: *žīcā `нить; пряжа'

Baltic: *gij-ā̂ f., *geĩ-n-ia- c., *gei-k-ā̂

Celtic: Cymr pl. giau `Nerven, Sehnen'

Russ. meaning: нить, волокно, тетива

References: WP I 670

Proto-IE: *gʷeyǝ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: skin, fur

Old Indian: jīna- n., jīla- m. `leather bag'

Celtic: MIr bïan `Haut, Fell'

Russ. meaning: шкура, мех

References: WP I 666

Proto-IE: *gʷeyǝ-

Meaning: to grow old, to perish

Old Indian: jināti `to become old', jyāni- f. `infirmity, old age', jīna- `old, aged', jyā́yas- 'elder', jívri- `old, worn out, decrepit'

Avestan: prs. ǰināiti `schwächt', inf. ǰayāi; aǰyamna- `sich nicht vermindernd, unversieglich'

Germanic: *kwī-n-a- vb., *kwi-n-ō- vb.; *kwī-m-a- vb.

Russ. meaning: стареть, пропадать

References: WP I 666 f

Proto-IE: *gʷeyǝ-, *gʷyā-

Meaning: power; to overpower

Old Indian: jinā́ti, fut. jyāsyāti, pass. jī́yáte, ptc. jītá- `to overpower, oppress'; jyā́ f. `oppression, excessive demand'; jáyati, pf. jigāya, ptc. jitá- `to win, conquer, defeat'; jayá- `winning', m. `conquest, victory', jayiṣnu- `victorious', jétar- `victorious, m. conqueror'

Old Greek: bíǟ f. `Kraft, Gewält', biáō, biáomai̯ `Gewalt anwenden, bewältigen, erzwingen' || zdǟ̂lo-s `Eifer, Nacheiferung, Eifersucht, Neid, Begeisterung', zdǟtró-s `executioner' Hsch., zdǟmíǟ f. `Busse, Einbusse, Strafe, Verlust'

Baltic: *gī̂- vb. intr.

Russ. meaning: сила; осилить

References: WP I 666 f

Proto-IE: *gʷeyǝ-, (*gʷyē-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: futuere

Other Iranian: NPers gāyad `futuit'

Old Greek: bīnéō, ipf. bineskómǟn `coire, futuere', {3 sg. zdáei = bineî Hsch. - nowhere found!}

Russ. meaning: futuere

References: WP I 666 f

Proto-IE: *gʷēbhǝw-, *gʷeubh-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: toad, tadpole

Slavic: *žā́bā A

Baltic: *gabaw-ā̂ f.

Germanic: *kwapp-ō(n-) f.

Latin: būfō, -ōnis m. `Kröte'; būfa [-us?] `giftiges Käfer'

Russ. meaning: жаба (жаба etc.)

References: WP I 675

Proto-IE: *gʷēdh-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: a k. of muck

Slavic: *žādьnъ(jь) (Slvnz žadnï 'hässlich, absschreckend', OPol żadny 'hässlich, garstig', żadać się 'sich eekeln'); *gādъ; *gɨ̄dъ

Baltic: *gē̂d-ā̂ (1) f.

Germanic: *kwēd=

Russ. meaning: гадость

References: WP I 694 f

Proto-IE: *gʷhai-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: light, bright

Old Greek: phaió-, phái̯dimo- `glänzend, stattlich', phai̯dró- `hell, klar, heiter, fröhlich, vergnügt', phai̯dǖ́nō `hell machen, reinigen, waschen; erheitern, erfrischen'

Baltic: *geĩd-r-ā̂, *geîd-r-ā̂, *gaid-r-ā̂ f., *geĩd-r-a-, *gaĩd-r-u- adj., *gaĩd-s-a- c., *gid-r-a- adj.

Russ. meaning: светлый, яркий

References: WP I 665, Buck 60.

Proto-IE: *gʷhedh-

Meaning: to keep

Old Indian: gádhya- `to be seized or gained as booty', {ā-gadhita- `angeklammert', pari-gadhita- `umklammert' }

Germanic: *gad-ō- vb., *gad=

Latin: mani-festus (~ -ē-) `auf frischer Tat ertappt; handgreiflich; offenbar', īnfestus (~ -ē-) `angreifend, feindlich, bedrohlich'

Russ. meaning: держать

References: WP I 531 f (differently in Pok.)

Proto-IE: *gʷhedh-

Meaning: to wish, to long for

Avestan: ǰaiδyeimi `ich bitte'

Other Iranian: OPers ǰadiyāmiy `ich bitte'

Old Greek: aor. théssasthai̯, ptc. thessámeno-, 3 pl. théssanto `anflehen', théssesthai = aiteîn, hilteúein Hsch., thessómenos = deómenos, zdētoúmenos, hiketeúōn Hsch., va. polǘ-, apó-thesto- `anflehen'; pótho-s m., pothǟ́ `Sehnsucht, Verlangen, Liebe', pothéō `verlangen, sich sehnen, vermissen'

Slavic: *žę̄dāti, *žę̄djǭ; *žę̄djā

Baltic: *ged- vb., intr., *gā̃d-a- c., *gād-u- adj., *gā(d)-m-u- adj., *gā̂d-s-l-u- adj.

Celtic: *gʷhodheje-; *gʷhodhi̯ā; *wo-gedi̯ā; *wo-godīmā > OIr guidim `bitte', pf. ro-gad, s-conj. pl. gessam; guide `Gebet'; Cymr gweddi `Gebet'

Russ. meaning: желать, стремиться

References: WP I 673 f

Proto-IE: *gʷhel-

Meaning: to want, to wish

Old Greek: ethélō, aeol., ion., hell. thélō `wollen'; phalízdei̯ `thélei' (Hsch.)

Slavic: *želētī; *želātī, *željā

Russ. meaning: хотеть, желать

References: WP I 692 f

Proto-IE: *g(ʷ)heleg'h-

Meaning: gland

Armenian: pl. geɫʒ-kh `Drüsen'

Slavic: *želzā́

Baltic: *gel̃ǯ-a- c., *geleǯ-ōn-i-, *geleǯ-aun-i-

Russ. meaning: железа

References: WP I 632

Proto-IE: *gʷhen-

Meaning: to flourish, to be full, to swell

Old Indian: ghaná- `compact, solid, dense', m. `compact mass or substance'

Other Iranian: NPers ā-gandan `anfüllen', āganiš `voll'

Old Greek: eu̯-thenéō, eu̯-thēnéō `gedeihe, blühen', eu̯-thēníǟ, eu-thénei̯a `blühender Zustand, Fülle, Zufuhr, annona'; eu̯-thenḗs `eupathôusa, iskhürá' (Hsch.), eu̯-thēnḗs `gedeihend', Kresphónthǟs, Polüphóntǟs = Polüktḗtǟs, Kleophóntǟs; phanā̂n `thélein' (Hsch.)

Slavic: *gonētī `genügen'

Baltic: *gan-ā̂, *gan-ē̂- vb.

Germanic: *gan-t-a- adj.

Russ. meaning: процветать, быть полным, распухать

References: WP I 679

Proto-IE: *gʷhen-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to hit, to drive

Hittite: kwen- (I) 'schlagen; erschlagen, töten', Lyd. qãn- / qẽn- (Tischler 604 f)

Old Indian: hanti, hanati, 3 pl. ghnanti `to strike, beat, smite, hit, kill', pf. jaghā́na, ptc. hatá-, inf. hántum; (in comp.) -han-, gen. -ghn-aḥ `killer, slayer'; ghaná- `striking, destroying, m. `club, mace'; OInd saṃ-há-t f. `layer, pile', hati- f. `striking, stroke, blow', hatyā́ f., hatya- n. `killing, slaughter', hántár- `slaying, killing'; ghāta- `killing', m. `blow, slaying, killing', ghātayati `to kill'

Avestan: ǰainti `er schlägt, trifft, tötet', 1 sg. med. ni-ɣne `ich schlage nieder'; ǰana- `schlagend', ǰantar- `der schlägt, tötet', ǰanti- f. `das Schlagen, Erschlagen', -ǰaiti- `das Schlagen'

Other Iranian: OPers aǰanam `ich besiegte'

Armenian: gan, gen. gani `Schläge, Prügel', ganem `schlage, prügle'; ǰin `Stock'; ǰnem `ich schlage', ǰnǰem `töte'

Old Greek: théi̯nō, aor. éthẹ̄na; épephnon; apepéphato = apéthanen (Hsch.); thenẹ̄̂n, thẹ̄̂nas; pf. ps. péphatai̯, inf. pephásthai̯, va. -phato- `schlagen; totschlagen, töten'; phóno-s m. `Totschlag', pl. phonái̯ 'carnage; blood shed by slying' (phonǟ́ sg. Suid. only); andro-phóno- `Männer mordend' etc.

Slavic: *ženǭ, *gъnā́tī; *gonī́tī; *gānjātī; *gonobā, *gānьbā; *gonъ; [*žę̄́tī, *žь̃nǭ; *žę̄́tъvā]

Baltic: *giñ- (*gen-a-) vb., *gin̂- (*gin-a-) vb., *gen-ē̂- vb., *gan-j-aw-ā̂ f., *pa=gan-ā̂ f., *gun-ī̂- vb., *gun̂-d-ī̂-, -in̂- vb., *gan-a- m., *gān-ia- m.

Germanic: *gún-ɵ-i- c., *gun-d-í- adj.; *gún-ɵ-iō f.; *gan-d-á- m.; *gan-[ō]- vb.

Latin: dēfendō, -ere, -dī, -sum `abwehren', offendō, -ere, -dī, -sum `anstossen, anschlagen'; īnfēnsus, -a `feindselich, erbittert'

Celtic: OIr gonim `verwunde, töte', pf. gegon, 3 sg. geguin; guin `Wunde'; benim `schlage'

Albanian: ǵan `ich jage, verfolge'

Russ. meaning: бить, погонять

References: WP I 679 f

Proto-IE: *gʷher[e]-, *gʷhrē-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to heat, to burn

Old Indian: háras- n. `flame, fire', ghr̥ṇá- m. `heat, ardour, sunshine'; ghrṇóti, jigharti `to shine, burn', gharmá- m. `heat, warmth'; ghraṃs-, ghraṁsá- m. `sun's heat, sunshine, brightness'

Avestan: garǝma- `heiss', n. `Hitze, Glut'

Other Iranian: OPers garma-pada- Monatsname

Armenian: ǰer `Wärme, schönes Wetter; warm', ǰernum `wärme mich', ǰerm `warm'; ǰermn, gen. ǰerman `Fieber'

Old Greek: théromai̯, hom. aor. pass. conj. theréō `warm werden, sich wärmen', thérō `wärmen'; théros n. `Sommer; Ernte', thermó- `warm', théretro-n n. `Sommeraufenthalt'

Slavic: *grētī, *grējǭ; *grēna, -ъkъ; *gorḗti, *gorītь; *gorī́tī; *gъrnъ, *gъrno; *žerāvъ(jь); *žārъ; *gorjьkъ; *gārь

Baltic: *gar-a- c., *gar-ē̂- vb., *gār-iā̃, *gār-ē̂-, *gar̂-m-iā̃ (2) f., *gār-ā f.; *grē̂m= (1)

Germanic: *wir-m-ō(n)- f.; *war-m-a- adj.

Latin: formus, -a (nur Gramm.) `warm', formidus, -a Cato; fornāx (/ furnāx), -ācis f. `Ofen', fornus / furnus, -ī m. `Backofen'; fornix, -icis m. `Wölbung; Gewölbe (meis unterirdisch, Bordell); Bogen, Triumphbogen, Schwibbogen'

Celtic: *gor-, *gʷrtu-s, *gʷrens- etc. > OIr fogeir `erwärmt, erhitzt'; grīs `Feuer', grīsaid `feuert an, reizt an'; MIr grith `Sonne, Hitze'; gorim, guirim `erhitze, erwärme, brenne'; Ir gor `Hitze; Brüten; Eiter durch Entzündung hervorgeruggen'; Cymr gori `brüten', gor `Brut'; gwrēs `Hitze'; Bret

Albanian: zjarr `Feuer, Hitze', zjarm `Hitze', ngroh `wärme'

Russ. meaning: греть, гореть

References: WP I 687 f

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